{"id":12756,"date":"2020-07-27T15:31:01","date_gmt":"2020-07-27T19:31:01","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.leaf.ca\/?p=12756"},"modified":"2020-11-20T11:21:04","modified_gmt":"2020-11-20T16:21:04","slug":"leaf-and-the-asper-centre-welcome-the-ontario-court-of-appeals-decision-in-r-v-sharma","status":"publish","type":"news","link":"https:\/\/www.leaf.ca\/fr\/news\/leaf-and-the-asper-centre-welcome-the-ontario-court-of-appeals-decision-in-r-v-sharma\/","title":{"rendered":"LEAF and the Asper Centre welcome the Ontario Court of Appeal\u2019s Decision in\u00a0R.\u00a0v.\u00a0Sharma"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\"Picture<\/figure>\n\n\n\n

July 27, 2020 <\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

A majority of the Ontario Court of Appeal has struck down <\/span>Criminal Code<\/span><\/i> provisions which made conditional sentences<\/span> unavailable fo<\/span>r <\/span>certain offences<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>The ruling<\/span><\/a> comes in response to Cheyenne Sharma\u2019s constitutional challenge <\/span>to<\/span> the<\/span>se<\/span> provision<\/span>s<\/span>, and explicitly acknowledges <\/span>and draws on <\/span>the arguments and information provided by LEAF and the Asper Centre<\/span> in <\/span>their joint intervention<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. <\/span>Sharm<\/span>a \u2013 <\/span>a young Indigenous woman<\/span>, an inte<\/span>rgenerational <\/span>residential <\/span>school survivor, and a single mother \u2013 faced financial hardship and potential eviction for her a<\/span>nd her young daughter. She acted as a drug courier, importing 2 kg of cocaine into Canada, and then<\/span> pleaded guilty to importing drugs<\/span>. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

As an Indigenous person, Ms. Sharma is entitled to the use of the <\/span>Gladue<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>framework<\/span>. The <\/span>Gladue<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>framework is <\/span>an individualized <\/span>approach <\/span>to sentencing that requires judges to consider the impact of <\/span>systemic factors such as intergenerational trauma <\/span>of<\/span> residential schools and the harms of colonial oppression, and t<\/span>o consider alternatives to incarceration when sentencing Indigenous offenders.<\/span> These <\/span>options <\/span>include conditional sentences<\/span>, a community-based alternative to a custodial sentence.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

However, 2012 amendments to the <\/span>Criminal Code<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>mad<\/span>e<\/span> conditional sentences unavailable for offences with a maximum penalty of 14 years or life in prison<\/span>, and for offences involving the import, export, trafficking, or production of drugs, with a maximum penalty of 10 years in prison<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span>As a result, Ms. Sharma was not eligible for a conditional sentence. <\/span>Ms. Sharma argued that the provisions violated her rights under section<\/span> <\/span>15 of the <\/span>Charter<\/span><\/i>,<\/span> but the trial judge did not <\/span>accept <\/span>these<\/span> arguments<\/span> and imposed a custodial sentence<\/span>. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

LEAF and the Asper Centre intervened<\/span> before the Ontario Court of Appeal<\/span> <\/span>to argue that the constitutionality of the provisions needed to be assessed in the context of systemic discrimination against Indigenous people<\/span>, especially Indigenous women, in the administration of criminal justice<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

This discrimination is clearly evident in the overwhelming overinca<\/span>rceration of Indigenous people, particularly Indigenous women, in Canada. <\/span>In 2017\/2018, Indigenous persons represented approximately four percent of the adult population in Canada, but accounted for 30 percent of admissions to provincial or territorial custody, and 28 percent of admissions to federal custody.<\/span> The crisis of overincarceration has worsened over time. Between 2007\/2008<\/span> and 2017\/2018<\/span>, for example, the number of admissions of Indigenous women to provincial\/territorial custody<\/span> <\/span>increased by 66 percent.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The <\/span>majority\u2019s <\/span>decision <\/span>means that conditional sentences will now be an available option <\/span>for trial judges to consider in sentencing <\/span>Indigenous offenders<\/span> <\/span>for a wide variety of offences<\/span>, provided other requirements<\/span> are also met<\/span> (including that th<\/span>e sentence is less than two years, and serving the sentence in the community will not endanger the community)<\/span>. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ms. Sharma will not get to see the direct benefit of her victory, having already served <\/span>her <\/span>jail<\/span> <\/span>sentence before th<\/span>e<\/span> appeal. <\/span>T<\/span>h<\/span>e decision, however,<\/span> will<\/span> help to ensure that<\/span>, moving forward,<\/span> Indigenous offenders receive the benefit of the different approach to sentencing enshrined in the <\/span>Gladue<\/span><\/i> <\/span><\/i>framework<\/span>. It will also <\/span>serve as a small step towards reducing the overincarceration of Indigenous people and in particular Indigenous women.<\/span> <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The <\/span>majority\u2019s <\/span>decision <\/span>represents an important articulation of substantive equality under section 15 of the <\/span>Charter<\/span><\/i>. Section 15, despite its potential for advancing equ<\/span>ality, remains complex and under<\/span>–<\/span>applied. The majority\u2019s analysis provides a<\/span> clear<\/span> example of how<\/span> to apply<\/span> section 15 where a<\/span>n applicant argues that a law appearing neutral on its face is discriminatory in its effect<\/span> <\/span>–<\/span> and illustrates the potential of section 15 to be used as tool for addressing the overincarceration of Indigenous people, and Indigenous women in particular. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201cWe are extreme<\/span>ly pleased with the decision in <\/span>R. v. Sharma<\/span><\/i>,<\/span>\u201d said Cheryl Milne, Executive Director of the David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights<\/strong>.<\/span> <\/span><\/i>\u201c<\/span><\/i>The Court\u2019s decision affirms our position that substantive equality requires a different approach to criminal justice for Indigenous people<\/span>.<\/span> Allowing <\/span>judge<\/span>s to<\/span> consider<\/span> conditional sentences <\/span>in these cases <\/span>should help <\/span>contribute, incrementally, to reducing the overincarceration of Indigenous people<\/span>.<\/span>\u201d <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u201c<\/span>This decision is a breakthrough in how courts think about section 15 of the <\/span>Charter<\/span><\/i> and criminal law, and affirms the substantive equality rights of Indigenous women in the criminal justice context.<\/span>\u201d said Megan Stephens, Executive Director and General Counsel of LEAF<\/strong>. \u201c<\/span>T<\/span>he <\/span>majority decision<\/span> is remarkable <\/span>for<\/span> both<\/span> <\/span>its <\/span>analytical<\/span> r<\/span>igo<\/span>r<\/span> and<\/span> <\/span>its<\/span> <\/span>compassion<\/span> concerning<\/span> <\/span>t<\/span>he devastating consequences of the <\/span>over<\/span>incarceration of Indigenous women<\/span>, and the ongoing intergenerational harms to Indigenous women caused by colonialism, sexism, and racis<\/span>m.<\/span>\u201d <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Case Committee and Counsel<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

LEAF and the Asper Centre\u2019s arguments were informed and supported by a case committee composed of academics and practitioners with expertise in the relevant issues. The committee members for this intervention are (in alphabetical order):\u202f<\/span>Emma Cunliffe (Allard School of Law, University of British Columbia), Gillian Balfour (Department of Sociology, Tren<\/span>t University)<\/span>,<\/span> <\/span>Martha Shaffer (University of Toronto Faculty of Law), <\/span>Mary Eberts <\/span>OC<\/span>, <\/span>Naiomi<\/span> Metallic (Schulich School of Law, Dalhousie University)<\/span>, Rakhi <\/span>Ruparelia<\/span> (Faculty of Law \u2013 Common Law Section, University of Ottawa), and<\/span> <\/span>Ren<\/span>\u00e9e Pelletier (<\/span>Olthius<\/span> Kleer Townshend LLP)<\/span>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

We are grateful to <\/span>pro bono<\/span><\/i> counsel <\/span>Adriel Weaver and Jessica Orkin of Goldblatt Partners LLP<\/span>, who <\/span>acted for LEAF and the Asper Centre<\/span> <\/span>in this important case. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

About Women\u2019s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF)<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The Women\u2019s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF) works to advance the substantive equality rights of women and girls through litigation, law reform, and public education. Since 1985, we have intervened in landmark cases that have advanced equality in Canada\u2014helping to prevent violence, eliminate discrimination in the workplace, provide better maternity benefits, ensure a right to pay equity, and allow access to reproductive freedoms. <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

To support our work to protect the equality rights of women and girls, please consider <\/span>donating<\/span><\/a> today.<\/span> <\/span><\/h4>\n\n\n\n

About David Asper Centre<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

The David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights is devoted to realizing constitutional rights through advocacy, research and education. The Centre aims to play a vital role in articulating Canada\u2019s constitutional vision to the broader world. The cornerstone of the Centre is a legal clinic that brings together students, faculty and members of the bar to work on significant constitutional cases and advocacy initiatives. The Centre was established through a generous gift from U of T law alumnus David Asper (LLM \u201907). For more information please visit\u202f<\/span>www.aspercentre.ca<\/span><\/a>.<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

For media inquiries, contact:<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Megan Stephens, Executive Director & General Counsel<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Women\u2019s Legal Education and Action Fund (LEAF)<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T: <\/span>416-317-4440<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E: <\/span>m.stephens@leaf.ca<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

 <\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Cheryl Milne, Director<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

The David Asper Centre for Constitutional Rights<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

T: 416-<\/span>540-7619<\/span> <\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n

E: <\/span>cheryl.milne@utoronto.ca<\/span><\/a> <\/span><\/p>\n","protected":false},"featured_media":12759,"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false},"categories":[206,186,25,234,210,195,4],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-12756","news","type-news","status-publish","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-criminal-law","category-equality-law","category-featured","category-intersectional-feminism","category-leaf-cases","category-racism","category-whats-new"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nLEAF and the Asper Centre welcome the Ontario Court of Appeal\u2019s Decision in\u00a0R.\u00a0v.\u00a0Sharma - LEAF<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/www.leaf.ca\/fr\/news\/leaf-and-the-asper-centre-welcome-the-ontario-court-of-appeals-decision-in-r-v-sharma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"LEAF and the Asper Centre welcome the Ontario Court of Appeal\u2019s Decision in\u00a0R.\u00a0v.\u00a0Sharma - 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